Embedded system vehicle based on multi-sensor fusion

As intelligent driving vehicles came out of concept into people’s life, the combination of safe driving and artificial intelligence becomes the new direction of future transportation development. Autonomous driving technology is developing based on control algorithms and model recognitions. In this paper, a cloud-based interconnected multi-sensor fusion autonomous vehicle system is proposed that uses deep learning (YOLOv4) and improved ORB algorithms to identify pedestrians, vehicles, and various traffic signs. A cloud-based interactive system is built to enable vehicle owners to master the situation of their vehicles at any time. In order to meet multiple application of automatic driving vehicles, the environment perception technology of multi-sensor fusion processing has broadened the uses of automatic driving vehicles by being equipped with automatic speech recognition (ASR), vehicle following mode and road patrol mode. These functions enable automatic driving to be used in applications such as agricultural irrigation, road firefighting and contactless delivery under new coronavirus outbreaks. Finally, using the embedded system equipment, an intelligent car was built for experimental verification, and the overall recognition accuracy of the system was over 96%. Author

Medicolegal Aspects during Mass Casualty Due to Road Traffic Accidents in the Era of Covid: A Tertiary Care Institutional Experience

Background: In March 2020, the world health organization declared COVID-19 a world wide pandemic. Countries introduced public health measures to contain and reduce its spread. The effect of mandated societal lockdown to reduce the transmission of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on road traffic accidents is not known. For this we performed an in-depth analysis singdata of emergency and trauma centre UPUMS, Saifai. As most of the manpower was involved in managing Covid patients directly or indirectly, it was a challenge to manage these mass casualty patients who require intensive care as well as Medicolegal documentation, record keeping, Consent for life saving procedures in absence of Relatives. Material(s) and Method(s): We reviewed data on total 2876 road traffic accident records in UPUMS, Saifai from January 1, 2020 through September 30, 2020. We treated March 20th as the first day of mandated societal lock down and 1st July as the first day of re-opening. Result(s): We have found that the reis increase in road traffic accidents resulting in serious or fatal injuries during lockdown and post-lockdown period. There was increased Medicolegal burden in spite of the decreased medical resources, manpower as most of manpower and resources were being utilized for covid patients. Conclusion(s): Road traffic accidents are a prominent contributor to hospitalization and may negatively impact the existing hospital resources directed towards COVID-19.Copyright © 2023, World Informations Syndicate. All rights reserved.

Long Term, Pre, and Post Impacts of SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic on Road Traffic Crashes in the Case of Budapest, Hungary

SARS-CoV-2 is a pandemic that affects road traffic flaw and crashes globally. This study attempted to compare the situation of road traffic crashes in the city of Budapest before and after the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic to better understand its long-term percussive effects. The study considers 12208 road traffic crashes that registered between 20 May 2018 – 31 December 2021. The rate and severity of road traffic crashes during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic examined by using a percentage frequency distribution and a severity index. This study depicted that most crashes reported during the normal daytime between15:01-18:00 (peak hour). The study indicated that during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic the road traffic crashes were reduced by 20.15%. A rear-end collision was one of the most common type of catastrophes highly registered. Road users, particularly drivers, heavily endorsed crashes. Even though the proportion of road traffic crashes caused by alcohol consumption was modest (6%), the rate of alcohol consumption and its concentration increased slightly during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. At the same time the number of crashes caused by high-speed traffic maneuvers reduced. Improper interpretation of road traffic signs, road pavement condition and failure to respect proper sight distance were influential reasons of road traffic crashes among the top. Meanwhile, the distributional impact of careless driving in the aftermath of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic causes a shift in rank. Therefore, this study proved that during SARS-CoV-2 pandemics road traffic crashes reduced, the rate and concentration of alcohol consumption increased, and careless driving was encouraged.

The effect of coronavirus disease-19 lockdown on the incidence and profile of penetrating ocular injuries

Background: Perforating ocular injuries in particular carry a high risk of visual morbidity in all age groups. Risk factors associated with ocular trauma include gender, age, occupation, and lower socioeconomic status. Eye injuries are causing a major concern to the general ophthalmologists both in the developed and developing countries. Background: The objective of this article is to study the profile of penetrating ocular injuries before and during the period of lockdown. Materials and Methods: A study was done to make a comparative analysis of the penetrating ocular injuries occurring during the period of lockdown of 3 months (April 1, 2020-June 30, 2020) and 3 months (January 1, 2020-March 31, 2020) before lockdown. Results: The study included 33 patients hospitalized before lockdown and 45 hospitalizations during the lockdown in all age groups. Injuries were more common in males. The injuries reported in the age group of 0-15 years before lockdown were 36.36% while during lockdown 60% injuries were observed. Modes of injuries reported before lockdown were indoor injuries (36.36%) and road traffic accidents (36.36%) while during lockdown, the major mode of injuries were indoor injuries (76.6%) whereas the road traffic accidents (10.0%) declined. Conclusion: During the lockdown, indoor injuries were more common in comparison to the outdoor injuries such as road traffic accidents, the latter being more prevalent before lockdown. During lockdown, increase in the indoor leisure activities of children led to a rise in the cases of eye injuries and an increase of almost double the number was observed. In addition to this, immobilization led to a decrease in the injuries due to road traffic accidents. The coronavirus disease-19 lockdown did have an impact on the profile of penetrating ocular injuries.

Situation and prevention strategies of sports injuries in community home sports under the background of covid-19 / A situação e estratégias de prevenção de lesões esportivas em esportes domésticos comunitários sob o pano de fundo da covid-19 / La situación y las estrategias de prevención y tratamiento de las lesiones deportivas en el hogar en la comunidad en el contexto del covid - 19

ABSTRACT Introduction: In the context of COVID-19, many physical activities have been restricted to the home environment, including traditional community sports. The situation of bodily injuries and prevention strategies during this period urges investigation and adaptation for a preventive approach. Objective: Explore the current scenario by devising means of prevention for sports injuries caused in the home environment. Methods: A total of 60 people were selected as experimental volunteers for home sports injury analysis, 30 in the experimental group and 30 in the control group, the cases were studied, and hypotheses were raised corroborating a preventive system of the cataloged home sports injuries, as well as the mitigation of their intercurrences. Results: In the experimental group, the flexion amplitude increased from 74.55±5.30 to 95.19±6.54; the extension amplitude increased from −3.88±3.29 to 1.57±2.17; the walking index evolved from 22.61±7.00 to 28.53±5.74; the stair activity index increased from 18.70±6.79 to 18.70±6.79. The same data measured in the control group showed no significant changes. Conclusion: Prevention of sports injuries during the current pandemic begins with the care of the immune system; care of the home environment was also described, as well as validation of effective treatment for timely rehabilitation of home sports injuries. Level of evidence II; Therapeutic studies - investigation of treatment outcomes.

RESUMO Introdução: No contexto da COVID-19, muitas atividades físicas restringiram-se ao ambiente doméstico, incluindo os esportes tradicionalmente comunitários. A situação das lesões corporais e as estratégias de prevenção durante este período urgem investigações e adaptações para uma abordagem preventiva. Objetivo: Explorar o cenário atual elaborando meios de prevenção para as lesões esportivas ocasionadas em ambiente domiciliar. Métodos: Um total de 60 pessoas foram selecionadas como voluntários experimentais para análise de lesão esportiva domiciliar, 30 no grupo experimental e 30 no grupo de controle, estudou-se os casos e foram levantadas hipóteses corroborando para um sistema preventivo das lesões esportivas domiciliares catalogadas, bem como a atenuação de suas intercorrências. Resultados: No grupo experimental, a amplitude de flexão aumentou de 74,55±5,30 para 95,19±6,54; a amplitude de extensão aumentou de −3,88±3,29 para 1,57±2,17; o índice de caminhada evoluiu de 22,61±7,00 para 28,53±5,74; o índice de atividade em escadas aumentou de 18,70±6,79 para 18,70±6,79. Os mesmos dados aferidos no grupo controle não apresentaram alterações significativas. Conclusão: A prevenção de lesões esportivas durante a pandemia atual inicia-se no cuidado do sistema imunológico, cuidados com o ambiente doméstico também foram descritos, bem como a validação de tratamento eficaz para a reabilitação das lesões esportivas domésticas em tempo hábil. Nível de evidência II; Estudos terapêuticos - investigação dos resultados do tratamento.

RESUMEN Introducción: En el contexto del COVID-19, muchas actividades físicas se han restringido al ámbito doméstico, incluidos los deportes comunitarios tradicionales. La situación de las lesiones corporales y las estrategias de prevención durante este período urgen investigaciones y adaptaciones para un abordaje preventivo. Objetivo: Explorar el escenario actual ideando medios de prevención para las lesiones deportivas causadas en el entorno doméstico. Métodos: Un total de 60 personas fueron seleccionadas como voluntarios experimentales para el análisis de las lesiones deportivas domiciliarias, 30 en el grupo experimental y 30 en el grupo control, se estudiaron los casos y se plantearon hipótesis corroborando para un sistema preventivo de las lesiones deportivas domiciliarias catalogadas, así como la mitigación de sus intercurrencias. Resultados: En el grupo experimental, la amplitud de flexión aumentó de 74,55±5,30 a 95,19±6,54; la amplitud de extensión aumentó de −3,88±3,29 a 1,57±2,17; el índice de marcha evolucionó de 22,61±7,00 a 28,53±5,74; el índice de actividad en escaleras aumentó de 18,70±6,79 a 18,70±6,79. Los mismos datos medidos en el grupo de control no mostraron cambios significativos. Conclusión: La prevención de las lesiones deportivas durante la pandemia actual comienza en el cuidado del sistema inmunológico, también se describió el cuidado del entorno del hogar, así como la validación de un tratamiento eficaz para la rehabilitación de las lesiones deportivas en el hogar de manera oportuna. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - investigación de los resultados del tratamiento.

Notification of COVID-19 as an occupational injury by health workers: scoping review / Notification of COVID-19 as an occupational injury by health workers: scoping review / Notificação da COVID-19 como acidente laboral por trabalhadores da saúde: scoping review / Notificación de COVID-19 como accidente laboral por trabajadores de la salud: scoping review

Resumo Objetivo Identificar as publicações que discorreram sobre a COVID-19 como acidente laboral e sua notificação pelos trabalhadores da saúde. Métodos A busca para esta scoping review, explorou literatura nacional e internacional, no período de 2020 e 2021, em inglês, português e espanhol, nas bases de dados do Portal Regional da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, na MEDLINE por meio do PubMed e no Portal de Periódicos da Capes empregou-se: Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL. Os textos foram importados para o EndNote, suprimido os duplicados e exportados para o aplicativo Rayyan, sendo feita a inclusão dos artigos em planilha Excel com os rótulos/etiquetas: COVID-19 como acidentes de trabalho e Notificação de COVID-19. Resultados Foram identificados 5.665 estudos, excluindo 2.088 duplicações, resultando 3.577 publicações, selecionadas por título e resumo. Destas, 3.280 não atendiam aos critérios de inclusão, resultando 297 artigos. Destes, 10 foram selecionados para análise completa do texto por tratarem da COVID-19 como acidente de trabalho e/ou notificação deste agravo pelos trabalhadores da saúde. Dois artigos foram excluídos por se tratar de revisão de literatura, permanecendo 8 como corpus do estudo. Conclusão Apesar de determinados países já reconhecerem a COVID-19 como doença ocupacional, alguns trabalhadores ainda apresentam dificuldades em relacionar a infecção pelo SARS-CoV-2 com o trabalho na assistência à saúde, caracterizando como acidente laboral. Todos devem ser orientados e capacitados quanto ao reconhecimento da COVID-19 como acidente laboral e notificar sua ocorrência, uma vez que já existe a definição da infecção como doença de notificação compulsória.

Resumen Objetivo Identificar las publicaciones que abordaron el COVID-19 como accidente laboral y su notificación por parte de los trabajadores de la salud. Métodos La búsqueda para esta scoping review exploró la literatura nacional e internacional, durante el período de 2020 a 2021, en inglés, portugués y español, en las bases de datos del Portal Regional de la Biblioteca Virtual de Salud, en MEDLINE a través de PubMed, y en el Portal de Periódicos de Capes se utilizó Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL. Los textos fueron importados a EndNote, se eliminaron los duplicados y se exportaron a la aplicación Rayyan, se incluyeron los artículos en una planilla de Excel con la clasificación/etiquetas: COVID-19 como accidente de trabajo y Notificación de COVID-19. Resultados Se identificaron 5.665 estudios, se excluyeron 2.088 duplicaciones, que dio como resultado 3.577 publicaciones, seleccionadas por título y resumen. De ellas, 3.280 no atendían los criterios de inclusión, por lo que se obtuvieron 297 artículos. De estos, 10 fueron seleccionados para análisis completo del texto porque trataban el COVID-19 como accidente de trabajo o notificación de este daño por parte de los trabajadores de la salud. Se excluyeron dos artículos porque se trataban de revisión de literatura, por lo cual permanecieron ocho como corpus de estudio. Conclusión Aunque determinados países ya reconocieron el COVID-19 como una enfermedad ocupacional, algunos trabajadores aún tienen dificultad de relacionar la infección por SARS-CoV-2 con el trabajo en la atención a la salud, caracterizándolo como un accidente laboral. Todos deben ser orientados y capacitados sobre el reconocimiento del COVID-19 como accidente laboral y notificar su ocurrencia, dado que ya existe la definición de la infección como enfermedad de notificación obligatoria.

Abstract Objective To identify the publications that discussed COVID-19 as an occupational injury and its notification by health workers. Methods The search for this scoping review explored national and international literature, between 2020 and 2021, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the databases of the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library, in MEDLINE through PubMed and in Capes Journal Portal used: Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL. The texts were imported into EndNote, duplicates were removed and exported to the Rayyan application, and the articles were included in an Excel spreadsheet with the labels: COVID-19 as injuries at work and Notification of COVID-19. Results A total of 5665 studies were identified, excluding 2088 duplicates, resulting in 3577 publications, selected by title and abstract. Of these, 3280 did not meet the inclusion criteria, resulting in 297 articles. Of these, 10 were selected for full text analysis because they dealt with COVID-19 as an injury at work and/or notification of this condition by health workers. Two articles were excluded because they were a literature review, remaining 8 as the study's corpus. Conclusion Although certain countries already recognize COVID-19 as an occupational injury, some workers still have difficulties in relating the SARS-CoV-2 infection with work in health care, characterizing it as an occupational injured. Everyone should be guided and trained regarding the recognition of COVID-19 as an occupational injury and notify its occurrence, since the definition of the infection as a notifiable disease already exists.

Lessons learned? Increasing injury severity of electric-scooter accidents over a period of one year: a monocentric follow-up study at a level 1 trauma center.

PURPOSE: After major COVID-19 lockdown measures were suspended in 2021, E-scooter mobility regrew rapidly. In the meantime, multiple studies were published on the potential risks for e-scooter drivers and the necessity for wearing protective equipment. But did the drivers learn their lessons? METHODS: We observed data of E-scooter-related accidents admitted to the emergency department of a level 1 German trauma center in the year 2021 and compared the data with our previous report (July 2019-July 2020). RESULTS: N = 97 E-scooter-related accidents were included, marking a 50% increase when compared to the previous observation. Most patients were young adults (28.18 ± 1.13 years) with a notable shift towards a male population (25 vs. 63, p = 0.007). While the injury pattern remained unchanged, injury severity, reflected by a significant increase in shock room treatments (p = 0.005), hospital admissions (p = 0.45), and ICU admissions (p = 0.028), increased. Lastly, we report a higher injury severity of patients driving under the influence of alcohol, expressed by significant differences in hospital admissions, shock room treatments, ICU admissions, intracerebral bleeding (p < 0.0001), and injuries requiring surgery (p = 0.0017). CONCLUSION: The increase in injury severity and especially the substantial number of accidents due to driving under the influence of alcohol, are alarming for both trauma- and neurosurgeons. As the controversy surrounding the general use of E-scooters will continue, we urge representatives to intensify their efforts regarding prevention campaigns focusing on the potential dangers of E-scooters, especially when driving under the influence of alcohol.

UV radiation sensitivity of bacteriophage PhiX174- A potential surrogate for SARS-CoV-2 in terms of radiation inactivation

To minimize health risks, surrogates are often employed to reduce experiments with pathogenic microorganisms and the associated health risk. Due to structural similarities between the enveloped RNA -viruses SARS-CoV-2 and Phi6, the latter has been established as a nonpathogenic coronavirus surrogate for many applications. However, large discrepancies in the UV log-reduction doses between SARS-CoV-2 and Phi6 necessitate the search for a better surrogate for UV inactivation applications. A literature study provided the bacteriophage PhiX174 as a potentially more suitable nonpathogenic coronavirus surrogate candidate. In irradiation experiments, the sensitivity of PhiX174 was investigated upon exposure to UV radiation of wavelengths 222 nm (Far-UVC), 254 nm (UVC), 302 nm (broad-band UVB), 311 nm (narrow-band UVB) and 366 nm (UVA) using a plaque assay. The determined log-reduction doses for PhiX174 were 1.3 mJ/cm2 @ 222 nm, 5 mJ/cm2 @ 254 nm, 17.9 mJ/cm2 @ 302 nm, 625 mJ/cm2 @ 311 nm and 42.5 J/cm2 @ 366 nm. The comparison of these results with published log-reduction doses of SARS-CoV-2 in the same spectral region, led to the conclusion that the bacteriophage PhiX174 exhibits larger log-reduction doses than SARS-CoV-2, nevertheless, it is a better UV-surrogate at 222 nm (Far-UVC), 254 nm (UVC) and 302 nm (UVB) than the often applied Phi6.

Notification of COVID-19 as an occupational injury by health workers: scoping review

Objective: To identify the publications that discussed COVID-19 as an occupational injury and its notification by health workers.Methods: The search for this scoping review explored national and international literature, between 2020 and 2021, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, in the databases of the Regional Portal of the Virtual Health Library, in MEDLINE through PubMed and in Capes Journal Portal used: Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL. The texts were imported into EndNote, duplicates were removed and exported to the Rayyan application, and the articles were included in an Excel spreadsheet with the labels: COVID-19 as injuries at work and Notification of COVID-19.Results: A total of 5665 studies were identified, excluding 2088 duplicates, resulting in 3577 publications, selected by title and . Of these, 3280 did not meet the inclusion criteria, resulting in 297 articles. Of these, 10 were selected for full text analysis because they dealt with COVID-19 as an injury at work and/or notification of this condition by health workers. Two articles were excluded because they were a literature review, remaining 8 as the study's corpus.Conclusion: Although certain countries already recognize COVID-19 as an occupational injury, some workers still have difficulties in relating the SARS-CoV-2 infection with work in health care, characterizing it as an occupational injured. Everyone should be guided and trained regarding the recognition of COVID-19 as an occupational injury and notify its occurrence, since the definition of the infection as a notifiable disease already exists.

81st Annual Academic Sessions of the Galle Medical Association, Galle, Sri Lanka, 13-14 October 2022

This journal issue includes s of papers presented at the conference. Topics discussed are: sleeping characteristics among primary school children in Gampaha District, Sri Lanka;cosmetic effects of post thyroidectomy scar and evaluation of patient satisfaction;post-vaccination symptoms of COVID-19 vaccines among adults in Galle;multiple chest trauma in a victim of road traffic collision;anatomical variations of renal vein in a group of Sri Lankan cadavers;hospital acquired infections among patients in Intensive Care Units in Teaching Hospital, Karapitiya;serum Vitamin D level among 1 to 5-year-old children in Galle Municipality and Bope Poddala MOH area.

Key Contributory Factors Influencing Cycling Safety: Comprehensive Review Based on Accident Data and Literature Survey

In the last years, it is evident that cycling is becoming an alternative transportation mode to driving and has gained more popularity among all age groups, particularly in metropolitan cities, due to COVID-19. Although cycling is beneficial to individuals and urban cities (i.e., reduction of traffic congestion and promotion of a healthy lifestyle), it could also expose cyclists to risky situations, resulting in serious consequences. Therefore, this research aims at conducting a comprehensive analysis of the key contributory factors by using data derived from cycling accident and literature reports. More specifically, the accident data are first used to prioritize contributory factors contributing to a high level of cycling risk, and then the results guide the development of the literature review. The literature review analysis emphasized the characteristics, relationships, and control measures against different selected contributory factors identified from cycling accident reports. The in-depth analysis aids to figure out and better understand what the characteristics and relationships of these factors are, how they affect the safety of cyclists individually and jointly, and what to do to control their negative effects. The findings will not only provide practical insights for transport authorities to control contributory factors influencing cycling safety, but also engage more research for the improvement of cycling popularity, prevention of cycling risks, and enhancement of cycling safety in future. © 2023 American Society of Civil Engineers.

Study of COVID-19 Impact on Medico Legal Cases Registered at Mediciti Hospital, Ghanpur Village, Medchal Mandal, Telangana

Background and Objectives: In every tertiary care hospital, casualty deals with the emergency cases of which the majority are Medico legal cases. The knowledge about the incidence of Medico legal cases is important to recognise the socioeconomic burden. The present study was conducted to scrutinize different Medicolegal cases at the emergency department of Mediciti Hospital, Medchal. The idea of the study was to find out frequency of several types of medico legal cases at casualty of Mediciti Hospital, Medchal. Material(s) and Method(s): It was a record based cross sectional study in which all the MLC cases registered in MLC record book from March 2020-March 2021 were analyzed. The data was collected on age, sex, type of Medico legal cases, road traffic accidents, mode of occurrence, month-wise distribution of medico legal cases and the time of occurrence. Results were expressed in numbers and percentages. Result(s): Out of all 355 registered medico legal cases, of which 258(73.2%) were males and 94(26.76%) were females. Maximum cases were from the age group of 20-29 years i.e., 127(43.09%). Majority of the MLC's registered we are due to road traffic accidents 144(39.7%) followed by Assault 49(13.8%), falls-43(12.7%), poisoning-43(12.1%), and injury at workplace-43(12.1%), accidental-14(3.9%), snake bite-8(2.2%) and others (7.4%). Conclusion(s): The present study shows RTAs account for a major part of MLCs. By proper education and training of safety measures among public decreases the cases. Enforcement of strict laws reduces the incidence of road traffic accidents. And also, strict laws should be amended to reduce the incidence of Assault.Copyright © 2023, Dr Yashwant Research Labs Pvt Ltd. All rights reserved.

Corrigendum

Reports an error in "The impact of patient's fear of COVID-19 infection on neurology service in University Hospital Center Sestre Milosrdnice during COVID-19 epidemic outbreak" by Arijana Lovrencic-Huzjan and Marina Roje-Bedekovic (Archives of Psychiatry Research: An International Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences, 2021, Vol 57[2], 167-176). In the original article, one of the authors name was missing. The correction is given in the erratum. (The following of the original article appeared in record 2022-62540-005). Increasing evidence suggests that patients with medical emergencies are avoiding the emergency department because of fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection, leading to increased morbidity and mortality due to other diseases. In order to analyse the impact of patient's fear of COVID-19 on the admittance rate of stroke patients and severity of neurological diseases, we compared the stroke admittance rate, numbers of thrombectomies and thrombolysis and hospitalization refusal rate during the time period from March 1st until June 30th 2020 in temporal relationship with the rising numbers of COVID-19 cases in Croatia. We assessed the patients' neurologic disease severity measured by ventilation time and mortality rate in the same time period. We compared the data with the data obtained from the same time period in 2019. We observed dramatically decreased presentation in Neurologic Emergency Department due to stroke and neurologic disease in 2020 compared to 2019, increased refused hospitalization rate and similar stroke treatment rate despite bigger catchment area. Greater neurologic disease severity with almost 40% increased ventilation time and double mortality rate during the same time was observed. During the outbreak of COVID-19 epidemic, fear of infection had significant impact on neurologic service leading to decreased presentation to NED, resulting in increased stroke or neurologic disease-related morbidity and mortality. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)

A Research of Emergency Service Admission Due To Home Accidents Before and During The Covid-19 (Sars-Cov-2) Pandemic In Ankara (Turkey)

Home accidents can cause serious injuries, disabilities, and deaths. Approximately 40 million people were treated in hospitals annually because of injuries occurring in homes, and these injuries were responsible for approximately 76% of preventable deaths. The aims of this study are to compare the home accidents in the one-year period during the pandemic and the home accidents in the one-year period before the pandemic, and to reveal how the home accidents are affected in which part of the home and in which types of injuries. A retrospective study was made of the records of patients injured in home accidents between pre-pandemic and pandemic one-year periods. The patients were classified according to age groups, gender, season, day and time of the home accident, accident type, part of the home, trauma localization and type, and severity of injuries. While 46.5% of the 581 injured patients were before the pandemic, 53.5% were in the pandemic period. The injuries increased as the number of households staying at home increased compared to the pre-pandemic period. Likewise, there was a significant increase in the number of falls from balconies and windows during the pandemic period. It is still not possible to make a definite prediction about the course of the pandemic. In this context, it is of great importance to provide information on prevention from home accidents, especially in television programs and distance education activities.Copyright © 2023, Yuzuncu Yil Universitesi Tip Fakultesi. All rights reserved.

Impacts of COVID-19-Related Non-Pharmaceutical Interventions on Mobility and Accidents in Bangladesh

Transport plays a major role in spreading contagious diseases such as COVID-19 by facilitating social contacts. The standard response to fighting COVID-19 in most countries has been imposing a lockdown—including on the transport sector—to slow down the spread. Though the Government of Bangladesh also imposed a lockdown quite early, it was forced to relax the lockdown for economic reasons. This motivates this study to assess the interaction between various non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) policies and transport sector outcomes, such as mobility and accidents, in Bangladesh. The study explores the effect of NPIs on both intra-and inter-regional mobility. Intra-regional mobility is captured using Google mobility reports which provide information about the number of visitors at different activity locations. Inter-regional, or long-distance, mobility is captured using vehicle count information from toll booths on a major bridge. Modeling shows that, in most cases, the policy interventions had the desired impact on people's mobility patterns. Closure of education institutes, offices, public transport, and shopping malls reduced mobility at most locations. The closure of garment factories reduced mobility for work and at transit stations only. Mobility was increased at all places except at residential locations, after the wearing of masks was made mandatory. Reduced traffic because of policy interventions resulted in a lower number of accidents (crashes) and related fatalities. However, mobility-normalized crashes and fatalities increased nationally. The outcomes of the study are especially useful in understanding the differential impacts of various policy measures on transport, and thus would help future evidence-based decision-making. © National Academy of Sciences: Transportation Research Board 2021.

PCTran-Cloud: an Accident Simulator for Nuclear Power Plants Based on Cloud Technology

In the current environment where COVID-19 is serious, the space, place and resources required for teaching nuclear power plants are restricted to a great extent. To solve such problems and improve the utilization of education resources, this study improved an accident simulator for nuclear power plants based on the concept of cloud technology. We build the Browser / Server architecture so that the platform has successfully implemented multiterminal, multiplatform and multiuser simultaneous applications. Through the simulation results of the Small Break Loss of Coolant Accident (SBLOCA) and the test results of platform performance by PCTran-Cloud, the correctness of PCTran-Cloud in the accident simulation function and results were verified. In general, PCTran-Cloud has the characteristics of high scalability, high concurrency and high security. The platform can provide an environment for the training and education of nuclear power professionals. © 2022 IEEE.

Women Workforces' Satisfaction with Personal Protective Equipment: A Case of the Australian Construction Industry

Despite the anecdotal evidence that construction women workforces have faced difficulties in accessing adequate and properly fitting personal protective equipment (PPE), there have been very few studies addressing their experiences and satisfaction with PPE. This study aimed to provide an overview of women workforces' satisfaction with PPE in the Australian construction industry. The specific research objectives were to: (i) examine their satisfaction regarding the functional, expressive and aesthetic (FEA) need attributes of PPE and (ii) investigate factors affecting their overall satisfaction with PPE. Data were collected using an online questionnaire survey. The results indicated a rather low satisfaction level among the respondents for all the thirteen FEA need attributes of their PPE. A regression model showed that their overall satisfaction with PPE was significantly affected by their experiences of PPE use (i.e., the need for alterations or adjustments to PPE, adequacy of training for PPE use, the perceived impact of ill-fitting PPE on work productivity) and satisfaction with FEA need attributes but not their demographical factors. The research findings call for action among construction training organizations, PPE designers and manufacturers and construction employers to recognise and address the low satisfaction level for PPE use among women workforces in the industry.

Public Opinion Mining on Construction Health and Safety: Latent Dirichlet Allocation Approach

The construction industry has been experiencing many occupational accidents as working on construction sites is dangerous. To reduce the likelihood of accidents, construction companies share the latest construction health and safety news and information on social media. While research studies in recent years have explored the perceptions towards these companies' social media pages, there are no big data analytic studies conducted on Instagram about construction health and safety. This study aims to consolidate public perceptions of construction health and safety by analyzing Instagram posts. The study adopted a big data analytics approach involving visual, content, user, and sentiment analyses of Instagram posts (n = 17,835). The study adopted the Latent Dirichlet Allocation, a kind of machine learning approach for generative probabilistic topic extraction, and the five most mentioned topics were: (a) training service, (b) team management, (c) training organization, (d) workers' work and family, and (e) users' action. Besides, the Jaccard coefficient co-occurrence cluster analysis revealed: (a) the most mentioned collocations were ‘construction safety week', ‘safety first', and ‘construction team', (b) the largest clusters were ‘safety training', ‘occupational health and safety administration', and ‘health and safety environment', (c) the most active users were ‘Parallel Consultancy Ltd.', ‘Pike Consulting Group', and ‘Global Training Canada', and (d) positive sentiment accounted for an overwhelming figure of 85%. The findings inform the industry on public perceptions that help create awareness and develop preventative measures for increased health and safety and decreased incidents.

Research on the Design of Virtual Reality Online Education Information Presentation Based on Multi-Sensory Cognition

The popularity of the online teaching model increased during the COVID-19, and virtual reality online education is now firmly established as a future trend in educational growth. Human–computer interaction and collaboration between virtual models and physical entities, as well as virtual multi-sensory cognition, have become the focus of research in the field of online education. In this paper, we analyze the mapping form of teaching information and cue information on users' cognition through an experimental system and investigate the effects of the presentation form of online virtual teaching information, the length of the material, users' memory of the information, and the presentation form of information cues on users' cognitive performance. The experimental results show that different instructional information and cue presentation designs have significant effects on users' learning performance, with relatively longer instructional content being more effective and users being more likely to mechanically remember the learning materials. By studying the impact of multi-sensory information presentation on users' cognition, the output design of instructional information can be optimized, cognitive resources can be reasonably allocated, and learning effectiveness can be ensured, which is of great significance for virtual education research in digital twins.

Update on Risk Criteria for Crude Oil Tanker Fleet

In recent years, the maritime trade of crude oil has suffered notable perturbations caused by the unbalanced relationship between supply and demand. The COVID-19 pandemic caused a drop in oil consumption in 2019, followed by a reduction in production in 2020. The seaborne transport of oil accounts for approximately 50–60% of all crude oil in world production. The crude oil market is a crucial regulator of the global economy and instabilities in this market have noticeable effects on collective risks. The immediate risks that the society see are the changes in the cost of living, which are followed by political uncertainties. Less visible are the risks that these uncertainties have on shipping companies and the level of management stability they have to maintain in order to keep seagoing safe. This paper presents an update on the overall state of risk management for the crude oil tanker fleet, evidenced by EMSA and other international marine organisations. The previous paper, entitled Safety Assessment of Crude Oil Tankers, which applied the methodology of the Formal Safety Assessment (FSA), was published in 2018 and covered the historical data related to the fleet size, accident reports, amount of oil spilled on sea and the economic value of the crude oil transport business. The particular focus of this paper is on the evolution of the risk acceptance criteria over the years and the difference in the predictions from 2018 to the present day. The effects of the pandemic on crude oil shipping are discussed through the changes in the risks. Three of them are analysed: PLL (potential loss of lives), PLC (potential loss of containment) and PLP (potential loss of property). The representation of the risk applies the F-N curves among the risk acceptance criteria lines observed for different tanker sizes. Among the three risks, the paper exposes the vulnerability of the loss of containment risk, where the strong economic impact of the oil trade outweighs the environmental concerns. In relation to the PLC, the paper proposes the approach of relating the oil spill acceptability with the spill quantity and ship revenue instead of to the cost of cleaning or the cost of environment recovery.